Yumi-hiki Doji (Arrow-shooting Doll)

During the Edo era, mechanical dolls, which can be considered the origin of robots, were made.

Various kinds of mechanical dolls were manufactured, but what are said to be the masterpieces are known as Moji-kaki Ningyo (Calligraphy writing doll) and Yumi-hiki Doji (Arrow-shooting doll).
Yumi-hiki Doji was manufactured by Hisashige Tanaka sometime between 1840 and 1850.
Yumi-hiki Doji shoots an arrow automatically.
The doll takes an arrow from the arrow rack, fits it to the bow string, draws the string, and then shoots the arrow.
It repeats this series of movements four times.
Its right hand, which fits an arrow to the string, moves three-dimensionally; forward and back, right and left, up and down.
Other mechanical dolls cannot imitate its hand's movements.
Its facial expression is very detailed, and it mimics the action of fixing one's eyes on a target.
It is also said that its facial expression changes depending on the angles you see it like a Noh-mask (a mask used in Noh—one of Japanese traditional performing arts).
It creates exquisite movement with only simple parts, such as a mainspring, cams, springs, and strings.